Mónica Gonzalez studies U.S. imperialism from the Latin American perspective in her dissertation in the Department of Spanish and Portuguese, Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Philippines: Colonial Transepistemology or the First Critique to Globalization. She takes as her primary example the 1895 Cuban war of independence. In her hypothesis, American intervention in the war was a possible beginning of economic globalization as we know it today. Gonzales includes in her analysis the “colonial complexity” or “transepistemology” of the actions and
writings of Cuban José Martí, Puerto Rican Eugenio Maria de Hostos, and Philippine José Rizal.